Revolutionary & Civil War
The Revolutionary War set precedents for black military service. Both Africans and African Americans fought on both sides of this war, often as a means for a black slave to win his freedom.
Dr. Clifford L. Stanley was sworn in as the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness on February 16, 2010 and resigned the following year. He was the senior policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense on recruitment, career development, pay and benefits for 1.4 million active duty military personnel, 1.3 million Guard and Reserve personnel, 680,000 DoD civilians, and is responsible for overseeing the overall state of military readiness. A key issue that Dr. Stanley had to deal with is the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy of the armed services.
Stanley, a retired United States Marine Corps infantry officer, served 33 years in uniform, retiring as a Major General. General Stanley was the first African American to command a regiment. His last position was as the Deputy Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, Virginia. Additionally, he served as the Marine Corps Principal Representative to the Joint Requirements Board which supported the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out his responsibilities.
Throughout his career, both in and out of the military, Dr. Stanley has helped men and women exceed their expectations while building cohesive teams dedicated to high achievement and selfless service. Dr. Stanley has a proven track record of being a visionary and inspirational leader dedicated to diversity, families, and a true sense of taking care of others.
One of only four African-American General Officers in the United States Marine Corps, Major General Clifford L. Stanley was the Director of Public Affairs, Headquarters Marine Corps, Washington, D.C. General Stanley was the Corps' information chief and served as the principal advisor to the Commandant of the Marine Corps on Public Affairs. General Stanley was responsible for helping devise policy matters related to public understanding and support of the Marine Corps. He also had the task of coordinating public affairs programs and activities with a Corps-wide impact in conjunction with the Asst. Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs and the Navy's Chief of Information.
Major General Clifford L. Stanley maintained a secondary military occupational specialty of parachutist while previously serving in many command positions domestically and abroad. Numerous personal decorations have been awarded to him including the Legion of Merit, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with Gold Star, Navy Commendation Medal, and Navy Achievement Medal.
Dr. Stanley is a graduate of South Carolina State University. He received his Master of Science degree from Johns Hopkins University, graduating with honors. His formal military education includes Amphibious Warfare School, the Naval War College, Honor Graduate of Marine Corps Command and Staff College, and National War College. Dr. Stanley earned his Doctorate Degree from the University of Pennsylvania, and holds Doctor of Laws degrees from South Carolina State University and Spalding University.
Clifford Stanley is married and his wife was the victim of a racial attack which left her paralyzed. A turning point in Stanley's life, he considered leaving the military, but was encouraged by both his wife and the marines to keep going. General Stanley was asked about racism and responded saying "Racism is there and you hurt to see it, because that doesn't fit with any moral code that I could ever identify with. I've dealt with it on a personal level practically. In the Marine Corps we do have a thing called rank so it just doesn't fit. Our Corps as an institution has core values of courage, honor and commitment. So this whole notion of racism really doesn't fit. We don't have a smooth road, but the commitment of the institution's leadership is there to stamp it out."
Don't miss a single page. Find everything you need on our complete sitemap directory.
Listen or read the top speeches from African Americans. Read more
Read about the great African Americans who fought in wars. Read more
African Americans invented many of the things we use today. Read more
Thin jazz, think art, think of great actors and find them here. Read more
Follow the history of Black Americans from slave ships to the presidency. Read more
Olympic winners, MVPS of every sport, and people who broke the color barrier. Read more
These men and women risked and sometimes lost their life to fight for the cause. Read more
Meet the people who worked to change the system from the inside. Read more
Visit my RedBubble page and use Michael Arnold Art to create greeting cards, T-shirts, mugs, and more.
The variety and impressive numbers of mammals, birds and marine wildlife in Alaska draw visitors from all over the world. For some travelers, Alaska is wilderness, at least compared to what they may know from back home. The pristine wilderness of Alaska is, perhaps, the last vestige of thriving populations of North American wildlife. Where else can you see polar bears, bald eagles, blue and humpbacked whales, gray wolves, grizzly bears, orcas, lynx, moose, and hundreds of other rare and endangered species in their original and undisturbed natural habitats?
Enjoy our website filled with original signed acrylic paintings by award winning Artist Michael Arnold. Located in Citrus County Florida, Michael Arnold is a the editor at the Citrus County Chronicle. When he's not busy being an editor, he is an avid artist who enjoys painting in a variety of styles. We hope you take the time to click on each image to see a larger view and to learn what the artist, Michael Arnold has to say about his paintings.
As dog owners and people who care deeply for animals and wildlife, we wanted our Dog Encyclopedia to be a website that could empower pet owners to create the most positive, loving environment for their dogs. Dog Encyclopedia realizes that owning a dog is like adding a new member to your family.
Floridian Nature has everything your are looking for in Florida nature. The wildlife of Florida is rich and varied, yet most of us are familiar with only a dozen or so species: the "well known endangered species such as manatees and panthers; those, like raccoons and squirrels, that have adapted to urban environments; the frightening alligators and black bears; and those like the armadillo who can't seem to cross the road. Yet they are just a few of the many animal species found in Florida.